Legal and ethical questions temper excitement about AI–Part 1

As part of a special series on artificial intelligence (AI), OR Manager is taking a deep dive into the many facets of this new technology and its impact on patient care. Part 1 and Part 2 of the introduction to AI (May 2019 and June 2019) defined types of AI and described its many current and potential surgical applications. The series has also presented examples of AI in practice: the OR Black Box® (June 2019) as well as an interactive surgical playbook and a system for quantifying blood loss (see articles in this issue on pages 10 and 12). In part 1 of a two-part article, we examine legal and ethical challenges related to AI.