Risks of animal-to-human disease jump remain high despite pandemic lessons

Editor's Note

New findings highlight an urgent need to improve preventive measures against animal-borne diseases jumping to humans and potentially causing another global pandemic, US Today reported on July 21.

The article details a study from  Harvard Law School and New York University that examined animal-human interactions in 15 countries, including the US. Researchers found “dozens of examples” where viruses could make the leap, leading researchers to argue for simple policy changes to reduce the risk of crossover.

Citing testimony from the lead author, USA Today reports that to much of the focus has been on limiting damage after a pathogen begins to spread among people. Examples include Ebola in 2014, SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, and—barring immediate or near-term changes—bird flu today. Instead, Linder advocated for a preventive approach, emphasizing policy changes to address weak spots in animal-human interactions where disease crossover could occur. Policy recommendations in the study include enhanced regulation and monitoring of animal markets and supply chains; improved protections across the livestock industry and wildlife trade; and policies supporting sustainable agricultural practices to reduce disease risk.

In the US, high-risk areas include the exotic pet trade, live animal markets, bat guano harvesting, and various forms of animal farming, USA today reports. Globally, similar issues are exacerbated by increased human-animal interactions due to urban expansion, climate change, and global travel.

Other context provided in the full report includes industry reaction (particularly the US mink industry); details of a case study on MERS in Saudi Arabia; and details on the concept of One Health, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.