Study links multiple surgeries, cognitive decline in older adults

Editor's Note

Multiple surgeries can spur gradual cognitive decline in older adults, according to recent research from the University of Sydney.

Published in The Lancet Healthy Longevity and detailed in a September 27 university announcement, the study followed nearly half a million adults aged 40 to 69 over 20 years using brain scans and cognitive tests.

With each additional surgery, patients experienced a slight decrease in cognitive functions such as memory, reaction time, and problem-solving abilities, researchers report. For example, reaction times slowed by 0.3 milliseconds with each surgery, and cognitive flexibility, memory, and problem-solving abilities also declined. Brain imaging showed that patients who underwent surgeries had a smaller hippocampus—responsible for memory and learning—and more signs of brain damage from blocked blood vessels compared to those who did not undergo repeated surgeries.

Although surgeries are generally safe, the cumulative impact of multiple surgeries on brain health should not be underestimated, particularly for older and vulnerable patients, researchers conclude. Thus, medical professionals should carefully weigh surgical options for elderly patients.

According to the report, this study builds on previous research linking major surgeries, such as cardiac or thoracic procedures, to cognitive decline. Future research will focus on testing potential treatments to minimize cognitive impacts and improve perioperative care for older patients.